A relationship breakup, often referred to simply as a breakup, is the termination of a usually intimate relationship by any means other than bereavement. The act is commonly termed a dump in slang when it is initiated by one partner. The term is less likely to be applied to a married couple, where a breakup is typically called a separation or divorce.

Rationale

Several psychological models have been proposed to explain the process of a relationship breakup. One theory, by L. Lee, proposes that there are five stages leading ultimately up to a breakup.

1. Dissatisfaction — one or both partners grow dissatisfied with the relationship.
2. Exposure — both partners mutually become aware of the problems in the relationship.
3. Negotiation — both partners attempt to negotiate a solution to problems.
4. Resolution and transformation — both partners apply the yield of their negotiation.
5. Termination — proposed resolution fails to rectify issues and no further solutions are accepted or applied.

In 1976, sociologist Diane Vaughan proposed an “uncoupling theory”, where, during the dynamics of relationship breakup, there exists a "turning point", only noted in hindsight, followed by a transition period in which one partner unconsciously knows the relationship is going to end, but holds on to it for an extended period, sometimes for a number of years.